Worldwide information and training on HIV and AIDS

Guys that have intercourse with males (MSM)

In Russia, data concerning males who possess intercourse with guys (often known as MSM) is very restricted. Vadim Pokrovsky, Head of Russia’s Federal AIDS Centre, has predicted that around 10percent of Russian-based males who’ve intercourse with males are managing HIV, with this particular population accounting for about 1.5% of yearly brand brand new HIV infections.27

The ban that is russian ‘propaganda of non-traditional intimate relations among minors’ has been utilized to block help for HIV information and help solutions for males who possess intercourse with males and lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, transgender and intersex individuals (LGBTI).28 One study from St. Petersburg, carried out because of the Russian human rights NGO Phoenix Plus, discovered HIV prevalence among males who possess intercourse with males had increased from 10per cent when you look at the 12 months ahead of the legislation ended up being enacted to 22percent.29

Due to this environment that is repressive HIV treatment protection for males who possess intercourse with guys is low. A research involving around 1,300 men that are moscow-based have intercourse with men discovered HIV prevalence of 15.6per cent. Just 13% of these coping with HIV knew their status, just 36percent of who had been treatment that is accessing. Of these on therapy, 64% had been virally suppressed.30

Intercourse employees

Information on intercourse employees can be restricted. City-based data recommends HIV prevalence among sex-workers is between 3.8% and 11.6%, according to location. It had been projected that around 15percent of inside intercourse employees and much more than 60% of outside intercourse employees in St. Petersburg were coping with HIV.31 Although it isn’t unlawful to get intercourse it’s unlawful to offer it and also to organise commercial intercourse in almost any destination. This criminalisation places intercourse employees in a susceptible place and they are generally at the mercy of physical physical violence, punishment, harassment and exploitation as a result of clients, cops, wellness employees as well as others in authority.32

In a research of nearly 900 sex that is female carried out in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, rape while having sex work had been reported by 64% of participants. Those that had skilled rape had been more prone to inject medications and binge on liquor, each of which increases vulnerability to HIV. 33

Intercourse employees with a brief history of inserting drug usage and/or experiences of real and intimate punishment are especially apt to be coping with HIV.34 Although information with this populace is restricted, a 2011 research estimates that nearly a 3rd of intercourse employees in Russia have actually inserted medications at some point in their everyday lives.35

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HIV assessment and counselling (HTC) in Russia

Although information is restricted, it’s estimated that around 500,000 individuals in Russia are unaware these are typically HIV good.36 HIV screening is present but protection is low at 19.3per cent (around 30 million individuals).37 Crucially, HIV evaluation is completed indiscriminately, instead of being targeted towards teams many suffering from HIV. Because of this, key populations accounted at under 1% regarding the 24 million HIV tests carried call at Russia.38

Also where assessment can be obtained, individuals are frequently identified as having HIV at a stage that is late of. 40.3% of individuals newly identified as having HIV in Russia had CD4 cell matters below 350.39

Evidence report about around 40 studies on HIV assessment and therapy in Russia discovered the most typical obstacles to evaluation had been the location that is inconvenient of centers, that aren’t extensive across metropolitan areas or districts, as well as the view that outcomes will never remain private.40

There’s no formal policy on HIV self-testing in Russia. Self-testing kits had been available on the internet for private purchase plus in some regional pharmacies. As being a total result, HIV self-testing just isn’t extensive when you look at the country.41

HIV prevention programmes in Russia

It’s estimated that around 200 people become contaminated with HIV every time.42 A targeted, combination prevention strategy is needed to curtail the epidemic with new infections rising year-on-year.

The Russian Prime Minister authorized Russia’s HIV strategy, the official that is first document become drafted since Russia’s strategy. The strategy is designed to cut back transmission prices by emphasizing avoidance programmes and reduce steadily the wide range of AIDS-related fatalities. Nevertheless, even though ‘rehabilitation, social adaptation and social help’ of key affected populations is talked about, no nationwide programmes are outlined.43

Condom use and availability

Although condoms are accessible to get, there are not any government-backed free circulation schemes, and condom usage is believed become low. The training of employing condoms can also be controversial. By way of example, national health that is public about HIV prevention dedicated to faithfulness instead of condom use.44

Likewise, professionals during the Russian Institute for Strategic analysis (RISR) released a written report on the epidemic. This submit the argument that the option of condoms and their usage ended up being encouraging people that are young have sexual intercourse and ended up being thus increasing the threat of HIV illness. Alternatively, RISR urges avoidance efforts to focus on ‘traditional Russian values’ while the path to stop the spread of HIV.45